These deposits can grow so large that they restrict water flow and interfere with heat transfer. This can be due to the error committed while reading of experiment measurements. It is recommended that cooling tower water samples be collected from the lower basin at the furthest most point from the source of the makeup water. Cooling tower experiment supplement august 31, 2011 follow the same procedures outlined in the cooling tower performance experiment 1 except in our case we will be using the cooling tower in the university power plant. Draw a horizontal line toward the humidity ratio scale from point r. The purpose is to define a preventive maintenance program and plan for cooling towers at the suny polytechnic quad c building utica new york. As this happens, the cooling water itself gets hot.
High difference between wet bulb temperature wbt and dry bulb temperature dbt encourages more heat transfer ht between air and water inside the cooling tower. Che 1511l chemical engineering laboratory 2 4th quarter, s. How ever, the cooling tower jacket is also cooled by air which does not flow through the inner part of the column. Cooling tower thermal design manual cooling tower technical site of daeil aqua co. The temperature of the water heater tank is also unstable as it is. Unit operations lab cooling tower experiment youtube.
In december 2018 the cooling tower area and its completed infrastructure hot and cold basins were turned over to the iter organization for installation activities. We are dedicated to designing and manufacturing the highest quality products for the evaporative cooling and industrial refrigeration markets around the globe. The fan deck supports the motor and fan of the water spray. Six thermocouples are measuring the air temperature and the other seven the water. The bench top cooling tower behaves in a similar manner and has similar components to a full size cooling tower.
Cooling tower performance and sensors for thermalfluid systems. Cooling water systems control these temperatures by transferring heat from hot process fluids into cooling water. Lab 2water cooling tower free download as word doc. Base experimental conditions for the forced draft cooling tower system. Microbiological and corrosion control in cooling water systems.
It is recommended for the cooling tower to have a digitalized scalar to adjust the flow rate of air. Study on the heat transfer characteristics of an evaporative. Experimental study on heat and mass transfer in cooling towers 851 12 1 fig. For refilling both tanks distilled water was always used. Cooling tower experiment by becca peltzman on prezi. For water cooling tower experiment, there are several parameters that can be adjusted to observe its effects on the evaporation of water. Cooling tower types cooling towers fall into two main categories. In technical terms, cooling towers are engineered and designed based on a specified cooling load, expressed in refrigeration tons. This manual is not intended to be allencompassing and thoroughly definitive. Draw a line from point r parallel to the enthalpy line. In cooling towers, air is passed cocurrently or counter currently with water. One helpful means to that end is the water cooling tower. Experimental study of cooling tower performance using ceramic tile packing ramkumar ramkrishnan.
Calculate the air density, specific volume, and enthalpy in us at the ambient. Abstract this experiment was conducted to perform energy and mass balance on the cooling tower system and to observe the effects of one of the process variables on the exit temperature of water. Cooling tower makeup water calculation with example. Experiments can be conducted which study how adjustment of one or both of these parameters affects the amount of heat removed from the water provided to the water heater. Preventive maintenance program and plan for cooling towers. Layout of experimental apparatus temperature is measured by the calibrated 0. Select appropriate chilled water systems based on cooling load behavior of the buildings and other considerations. Both types function as heat exchangers based on the counter flow principle. Industrial cooling towers are used to remove surplus heat from water. The cooling tower must be adequately sized to reject this same amount of. The water exits the cooling tower and is sent back to the exchangers or to other units for further cooling.
In the experiments, the hot water flow rate was increased in small increments while the air flow rate, inlet hot water and inlet chilled air temperatures were kept constant. In a cooling tower of infinite size and with an adequate air flow, the water outlet will be at the wet bulb temperature of the incoming air. Process results and conclusions cools water by exposing the water particles to air actually perform the experiment better predictive equations 20% heat transfer more consistent temperature reading equipment 80% mass transfer cooling tower experiment system set up objectives. Its been a while since the last time i write an article about utility system. The hybrid cooling tower can serve not only as a dry heat exchanger but also as a wet cooling tower. However, since only the air which cools the water inside the tower is taken into account for. Introduction the cooling tower is a steady flow device that uses a combination of mass and energy transfer to cool water by exposing it as an extended surface to the atmosphere. There are two main sources of cooling water fresh water. To decrease the temperature of hot water entering the ct cooling by evaporation is the principle used heat transfer from water to air. Performance analysis of automated control system for.
It is then combined with makeup water, which replaces the evaporated water, and is sent through the system again. Typical closed loop cooling tower system is shown in figure 7. Initial conditions for the cooling tower were programmed into the equipment. Airconditioning and mechanical ventilation acmv systems. An introduction to cooling tower water treatment course no.
These heat and mass transfer devices are based on the evaporative cooling. The tower often consists of a sprinkler system which wets a highsurfacearea substrate plates continuously, while air flow through the chamber converts liquid to vapor. This is due to the fact that when wbt dbt, air is fully saturated i. In a counterflow cooling tower, water sprays are used to distribute the warm water see figure 8. Schematic representation of a counterflow wet cooling tower. Cooling tower evaporative cooling system measurement. A cooling tower is a heat rejection device that extracts waste heat to the. Cooling towers with open and closed water circuits are available. Various researchers have carried out studies and investigation on various aspects of cooling tower which. Feeling the sides of the cooling tower basin just below the water level is. Understanding wet bulb temperature and other aspects that affect evaporative cooling tower performance a cooling tower primarily uses latent heat of vaporization evaporation to cool process water. Among the most visible activities currently is the installation of the cooling towers. In this post i want to share you how to calculate cooling tower makeup water.
Cooling tower measurement and verification technical advisory group. To construct an overall energy and mass balances across a water cooling tower. Cooling tower fundamentals spx cooling technologies. Introduction cooling towers are used for cooling large amounts of water in chemical industry, thermal power plants, nuclear power plants and petroleum industry. Introduction a cooling tower is a heat rejection device which extracts waste heat to the atmosphere through the cooling of a water stream to a lower temperature. There are aspect that contribute to calculation of cooling tower makeup water. Cooling experiments with water and foam study into fluegas cooling and fire extinction when deploying caf, firedos, high pressure and low pressure hose lines in offensive interior fire fighting operations version. The laboratory cooling tower allows for complete control of the speed of the fan used in cooling the warm return water and the pump used to return the cooled water to the water heater. The water circuit consists of water reservoir with. Department of energy idaho operations office idaho national engineering laboratory this is an informal report intended for use as a preliminaryor working document work supported by the u. The parameters are temperature and flow rate of water, relative humidity and flow rate of air and cooling load. Experimental study of cooling tower performance using.
The difference between the temperature of the water leaving a cooling tower and the local wet bulb temperature is an indication of the effectiveness of the cooling tower. There is no way to determine or calculate the amount of air flow through the cooling tower. Moist air is a binary mixture of dry air and water vapor. The efficiency of cooling tower depends on air and water flow rates and operating temperatures. Cooling tower operation forced draught cooling towers use the evaporation of a liquid often water into air to achieve cooling. For greater cooling capacity, cooling towers use a fan to create more evaporation.
Hilton h891 bench top cooling tower and its operating principles. An opencircuit cooling tower, commonly called a cooling tower, is a specialized heat exchanger in which two fluids air and water are. Understand fully the implications of the control setpoints, feed limit and. Water savings of cooling tower efficiency measures for use in performance contracts. Introduction an open circuit or evaporative cooling tower is a heat rejection device that rejects heat to the atmosphere by. In the wl 320 open wet cooling tower, water is sprayed into the tower from above and distributed as widely as possible using baffles. Best practice guidelines 3 best practice guidelines water conservation in cooling towers au 1. The cooled water falls from the lowest packing deck into the basin. Lab 2water cooling tower evaporation humidity scribd.
This line meets the ordinate and thus determines the room air humidity ratio w 0. Minor additional cooling is provided by the air because of its temperature increase. The air and water flows for the cooling tower were switched on and the water level for the makeup tank and wet bulbs checked. Lab 1b cooling tower performance and sensors for thermal. Opening the controller enclosure exposes user to the risk of electrical shock at power line voltages. Cooling tower must be made up because the water level decrease by the time during operation. Doc cooling tower lab report sem yong hao academia. Experiments were conducted with various inlet temperatures of water and flow rates of chilled air and hot water entering the cooling tower. This system sends cooling water out of the equipment and into a pond or cooling tower, which is open to the atmosphere. Take caution not to lose the tablet from the epa bottle during sampling.
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